Background
Climate change and biodiversity loss pose an existential threat to our planet, with each exacerbating the effects of the other. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, are widely recognized as the leading causes. To address these challenges and meet the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, we must achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. This requires significant reductions in CO2 emissions from energy generation, while also ensuring access to electricity for the many people worldwide who currently lack it.
The transition from fossil to renewable energy has been too slow, and the current pace falls far short of the 1.5-degree pathway. Climate change impacts are increasing in frequency and intensity, bringing devastation and huge economic losses globally. We therefore need to speed up decarbonisation, exponentially increase investments in and deployment of renewable energy—mainly wind and solar—and related electricity grids. The final Global Stocktake COP 28 Decision in Dubai has called for States to “triple renewable energy capacity globally.” Currently, the global growth in renewable energy generation is largely driven by Europe, the United States, and China. This will need to change for an equitable global transition.
Renewable energy sources are growing quickly and will play a vital role in tackling climate change. In 2024, global renewable energy capacity grew by a record-breaking 15.1%, reaching 4,448 gigawatts (GW). Despite this growth, a rate of at least 16.6% annually is needed to meet the target of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030.
At the same time, limiting global warming is not possible without healthy ecosystems, which provide essential carbon sinks and adaptation opportunities. We cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of the fossil fuel era. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop renewable energy and electricity grid infrastructure while protecting and restoring nature. The need to expedite the planning and permitting process for renewable energy and grid infrastructure to enable faster deployment has become a top priority for governments worldwide. However, faster deployment at the needed scale can only be met if rooted in the fundamental requirement of avoiding unnecessary negative impacts on biodiversity, recalling the COP 26 cover decision that recognized the interrelated nature of the climate change and biodiversity loss crises.
In response to these urgent needs, IUCN has developed a comprehensive programmatic approach to renewable energy and biodiversity. Below is a brief description of some of the initiatives and approaches currently being implemented by IUCN, with key objectives including:
- Overcoming barriers to the rapid roll out of renewable energy
- Ensuring that the transition to renewable energy does not come at the expense of biodiversity
- Increasing energy access for marginalised communities as they adapt to climate change
- Working with companies and regulators towards a nature- and people-positive role for renewable energy