IUCN WCPA Technical Notes Series
Our Technical Note Series provides short, explanatory briefings on specific technical and policy issues related to protected and conserved areas.
Technical note 7
Other brief
2025
Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) are not only impacted by climate change they are also part of thesolution. Most guidance on climate change and PCAs addresses the risks of climate change to PCAs…
Other brief
2025
The aim of this technical note is to raise awareness of the challenges and solutions for monitoring ecosystem restoration in and around protected and conserved areas, and to assist restoration…
Other brief
2025
Whilst tensions about justice continue to hamper restoration projects, some important lessons have been learned about how best to avoid these problems. In particular, there is strong evidence that…
Other brief
2025
Marine connectivity is critical for the design of effective and comprehensive area-based management tools (ABMTs) under the BBNJ Agreement, including the establishment of ecologically representative…
Other brief
In recent years, social prescribing—particularly green prescribing and nature prescriptions—has rapidly gained popularity as a holistic approach to improving health and well-being by connecting…
Other brief
Ensuring that ecosystems support climate change control strategies, rather than undermine them, is a critical global priority. A well-designed and effective network of protected and conserved…
Other brief
2024
Renewable energy development is critical to addressing climate change, but poses emerging risks for protected and conserved areas (PCAs). As the demand for renewables increases to meet climate goals…
Other brief
Legal changes that downgrade, downsize, and degazette protected areas (PADDD events) are increasingly common, occurring under a range of contexts and with diverse impacts. Although often damaging,…
Other brief
2024
In response to achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3, specifically for conserving at least 30 per cent of inland water areas through a combination of protected areas…
Technical Notes
Other brief
2024
Identifying and conserving areas of particular importance for biodiversity is a fundamental element of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). There are a number of…
Other brief
2024
Focusing on the development and management of protected and conserved areas in National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and in plans for Nationally Determined Contributions offers cost…
Other brief
2024
The concept of ‘long-term’ is a key part of the definitions of both protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). Here we outline existing global guidance on the…
Other brief
2024
The global community has developed a wide array of frameworks, tools, reporting systems, and guidance materials to help protected area and OECM managers assess the effectiveness of their areas and…
Other brief
2024
Decision 14/8 of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) established the definition and criteria for “Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures” (OECMs). In that decision, agreed to by all…
Other brief
Protected and conserved Areas are vital solutions to a range of critical global problems. They are fundamental in avoiding the loss of biodiversity, are essential contributors to mitigating and…
Other brief
Remoteness – the degree to which localities or areas of land are physically or perceptually isolated from the evidence and direct influences of modern technological society – can contribute to the…
Other brief
2022
At the Open-Ended Working Group 3 (OEWG) negotiations for the Post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Geneva (March 2022) a new proposal to include …
Other brief
2022
There is general consensus that biodiversity loss and climate change are twin crises requiring integrated, comprehensive and holistic approaches. As aptly articulated by António Guterres,…
Technical Notes
